Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal
Articles Information
Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal, Vol.1, No.5, Oct. 2015, Pub. Date: Jul. 20, 2015
Antifungal Agents That Target Fungal Cell Wall Components: A Review
Pages: 206-216 Views: 4463 Downloads: 3033
Authors
[01] Babatunde I. Aderiye, Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
[02] Olusola A. Oluwole, Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Abstract
The fungal cell wall represents an exclusive structure that confers mechanical strength and osmotic resistance to fungal cells. The fungal cell wall’s structure contains mainly mannan, chitins and glucans in different proportions depending on the species. These structural components are unique to fungi and are currently being investigated as targets for novel antifungals. Currently, glucan component of the cell wall is the predominant target for therapeutic applications and developments of antifungals. Three classes of glucan inhibitors in application includes the lipopeptides e.g. echinocandins, the glycolipid papulacandins and the acid terpenoids including enfumafungin and ascosterosides. These agents are known 1,3-β-d glucan synthesis inhibitors and have been shown to possess antifungal activity in vitro as well as in vivo in many different animal models against yeasts e.g. Candida and filamentous fungi e.g. Aspergillus. The other targets, chitin and mannan are however being investigated given the limited applications of some of the glucan synthesis inhibitors. Chitin inhibitors available includes the related polyoxins and nikkomycins produced by Streptomyces while those that target the mannan component of the cell wall are Pradimicins and benanomicins by Actinomadura spp. Both groups have been found to possess broad spectrum activity against most medically important fungi e.g. Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida and Coccidioides immitis. The mechanism of action of these agents as well as their activity of against fungal pathogens is discussed.
Keywords
Fungi, Glucan, Chitin, Mannan, Cell Wall, Echinocandins
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