Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal
Articles Information
Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal, Vol.2, No.1, Feb. 2016, Pub. Date: Feb. 24, 2016
Genetic Variability Among Soybean [Glycine max (Merrill)] Varieties in Nitrogen Fixation in Five Ghanaian Soils
Pages: 15-21 Views: 2247 Downloads: 948
Authors
[01] Phanuel Y. Klogo, Agro Enterprise Development Department, Ho Polytechnic, Ho, Ghana.
[02] Patrick K. Avumegah, Agro Enterprise Development Department, Ho Polytechnic, Ho, Ghana.
[03] Seth K. A Danso, Soil Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra.
[04] Mawutor Glover, Agro Enterprise Development Department, Ho Polytechnic, Ho, Ghana.
[05] Victor Owusu-Gyimah, Agricultural Engineering Department, Ho Polytechnic, Ho, Ghana.
Abstract
The high diversity of bradyrhizobia in tropical soils offers great advantage in making the nodulation of an array of tropical legumes possible. The nodulation, N2 fixed (using 15N) and growth of three uninoculated promiscuous soybean varieties, TGx 813-6D, TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1903-8F and Bragg, and a non-promiscuous American-type soybean variety were examined in five soil typesin a greenhouse at the University of Ghana, Legon. Except for the Bekwai soil that contained 4.0 x 101 Bradyrhizobium (sp.) cells g-1 soil, the other soils contained 103 or more cells g-I soil (1.0,4.0, 4.6 and 6.0 x 103 cells g-1 soil in Aveime, Hatso, Adenta and Chichiwere soils, respectively). Both plant genotype and soil type significantly influenced nodulation, withTGx813-6D and TGx 1903-8F generally forming more nodules than TGx 1448-2E, whose nodulation was similar (P<0.05) to that of Bragg. However, step-wise regression indicated that the native Bradyrhizobium population was most important in determining the outcome of nodulation, accounting for 56.90% of the total variation in nodule numbers. The contribution of Bradyrhizobium population to N2 fixation was even higher, accounting for 74.46% the variation in % N fixed. Highest nodulation and N2 fixation occurred in Chichiwere and Adenta, followed by Hatso and Aveime soils in that order with the TGx varieties on average deriving > 60% N from fixation, compared to 30-46%, for Bragg in these soils. No nodulation and N2 fixation occurred in soybean in the Bekwai soil with lowest bradyrhizobia population, and averaged for all five soils, N2 fixation contributed less than 50% of the N in the TGx varieties. The ability of promiscuous soybean varieties to nodulate with indigenous bradyrhizobia was highly variable and was strongly influenced by the abundance of bradyrhizobia cells in soil. With average of less than 50% N fixed by indigenous strains, there is scope for enhancing the symbiotic performance of TGx varieties in many soils through inoculation with more effective Bradyrhizobium strains.
Keywords
Bradyrhizobium, 15N Isotope, Nitrogen Fixation, Nodulation, Promiscuous, Soybean Variety
References
[01] Abaidoo R C, Dashiell K E, Sanginga N, Keyser H and Singleton P W 1999. Time-course of dinitrogen fixation of promiscuous soybean cultivars measured by the isotope dilution method. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 31, 187-192.
[02] Abaidoo R C, Keyser H H, Singleton P W, Dashiell K E and Sanginga N 2007.Population size, distribution, and symbiotic characteristics of indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. that nodulate TGx soybean genotypes in Africa. Appl. Soil Ecol. 35, 57-67.
[03] Bremmer J M 1996. Nitrogen-Total. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 Chemical Methods- SSSA Book Series no. 5. Pp 1085-1121. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
[04] Danso S K A 1988. Nodulation of soybean in an acid soil; the influence of Bradyrhizobium and seed pelleting with lime and rock phosphate. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 259-260.
[05] Danso S K A 1992. Biological nitrogen fixation in tropical agrosystems: Twenty years of biological nitrogen research in Africa. In: Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Sustainability of Tropical Agriculture. Ed. K Mulongoy, M Gueye and D S C Spencer.pp3-13. John Wiley and Sons Chichester.
[06] Danso S K A and Owiredu J D 1988. Competitiveness of introduced and indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains for nodule formation in three soils. Soil Biol. & Biochem. 20, 305 310.
[07] Eaglesham A R J 1985. Comparison of nodulation promiscuity of US and Asian-type soybeans. Trop. Agric. Trinidad. 69, 105-109.
[08] Fening J O and Danso S K A 2002.Variation in symbiotic effectiveness of cowpea bradyrhizobia indigenous to Ghanaian soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 21; 23-29.
[09] Fieldler R and Proksch G 1975.The determination of nitrogen-15 by emission and mass spectrometry in biochemical analysis. A review. Anal. Chim. Acta 78, 1-62.
[10] Fried M and Middelboe V 1977. Measurement of amount of nitrogen fixed by a legume crop. Plant and Soil. 47, 713-715.
[11] Genstat 2000. Genstat for windows, Release 4.14th ed. VSN International Ltd. Oxford.
[12] Graham P H and Temple S R 1984. Selection of improved nitrogen fixation in Glycine max (L) Merril and Phaseolus vulgarus L. Plant and Soil 82, 315-327.
[13] Gyau A A 2001. Nodulation promiscuity of soybean genotypes. M Phil. Thesis submitted to Soil Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon.
[14] Herrigde D F and Bergersen F J 1988.Symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In Advances in nitrogen cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems. Ed. J R Wilson pp 46-65. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
[15] Keyser H H and Li F 1992.Potential for increasing biological nitrogen fixation in soybean. Plant and Soil 141, 119-135.
[16] Kueneman E A, Root K E, Hohenber J 1984. Breeding of soybean for the tropics capable of nodulating effectively with indigenous Rhizobium spp. Plant and Soil 82, 387-396.
[17] La Favre A K, Sinclair M J, La Favre J S and Eaglesham A R J. 1991.Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum native to tropical soils: novel sources of strains for inoculants for US-type soya bean. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 68, 243-248.
[18] LaRue T A and Patterson T G 1981. How much nitrogen do legumes fix? Adv. Agron. 34, 15-38.
[19] Mpepereki S and Makonese F 1996.Promiscuous nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L Merrill).Potential in small scale cropping systems in Zimbabwe, 7th AABNF Conference, 2 to 7 September 1996. Yamoussoukro, Cote d’Ivoire.
[20] Mpepereki S, Javaheri F, Davis P and Giller K E 2000. Soybeans and sustainable agriculture: Promiscuous soyabeans in southern Africa. Field Crops Res. 65, 137-149.
[21] Mwakalakombe B R 1998. Characteriistics of indigenous rhizobial isolates from three soil types of the high rainfall zone of Zambia. In: Harnessing Biological Nitrogen Fixation in African Agriculture. Challenges and Opportunities. Eds. S Mpepereki and F T Makonesepp 124-129. University of Zimbabwe and CTA, Harare, Zimbabwe.
[22] Nangju D 1980. Soybean response to indigenous rhizobia as influenced by cultivar origin. Agron. J. 72, 403-406.
[23] Okereke G U and Uneagbu D 1992.Nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation of 80 soybean cultivars in symbiosis with indigenous rhizobia. World J. Microbiology and Biotech. 8, 171-174.
[24] Okogun J A and Sanginga N 2003. Can introduced and indigenous rhizobia strains compete for nodule formation by promiscuous soybean in the moist savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Boil. Fertil. Soils 38, 26-31.
[25] Olsen S.R., and Dean L A 1965. Phosphorus. In: Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological properties. pp 1035-1048 Eds C A Black et al. American Society of Agronomy. Inc. Madison, Wisconsin
[26] Olufajo O, Adu J K and Okoh P N 1989. Cultivar and Bradyrhizobium strain effect on performance of promiscuously nodulating soybean (Glycine max Merrill) in the Nigerian Savanna. Biol. Agric. Horti.6, 57-88.
[27] Osunde A O, Gwan S, Bala A, Sanginga N and Okogun J A 2003. Responses to rhizobial inoculation by two promiscuous soybean cultivars in soils of the Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Biol. Fertil. Soils 37: 274-279
[28] Owiredu J D and Danso S K A 1988. Response of soybean to Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation in three soils in Ghana. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 311-314
[29] Pulver E L, Brockman F and Wein H C 1982.Nodulation of soybean cultivars with rhizobium spp and their response to inoculation with R. japonicum. Crop Sci. 22, 1065-1070.
[30] Pulver E L, Kueneman E A and Ranga-Rao V 1985.Identification of promiscuous nodulatingsoybean. efficient in N2-fixation. Crop Sci. 25, 660-663.
[31] Rao V R, Ayanaba A, Eaglesham A J and Kueneman E A 1981. Exploiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation for increasing soybean yields in Africa. In: GIAM VI Global Impacts of Applied Microbiology. pp 153-167 Eds S O Emerjinaime, O Ogumbi and S O Sanni. Academic Press, London.
[32] Sanginga N, Carsky R J and Dashiell K 1999. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi response to rhizobial inoculation and cropping systems in farmers’ fields in the Guinea Savanna. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 80, 179-186.
[33] Singleton P W and Tavares J W 1986.Inoculation response of legumes in relation to the number and effectiveness of indigenous rhizobium populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 1013-1018.
[34] Somasegaran P and Hoben H J 1994. Handbook for rhizobia: Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. Springer Verlag Publishers. New York, USA pp 450.
[35] Thies J E, Singleton P W, and Bohlool B B 1991a. Influence of size of indigenous rhizobial populations on establishment and symbiotic performance of introduced rhizobia on field-grown legumes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.57, 19-28.
[36] Thies J E, Singleton P W, and Bohlool B B 1991b. Modelling symbiotic performance of introduced rhizobia in the field by the use of indices of indigenous population size and nitrogen status of the soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 29-37.
[37] Weaver R W and Frederick L R 1974 .Effect of inoculum rate on competitive nodulation of Glycine max L Merrill. II Field studies. Agron. J. 66, 233-236.
[38] Woomer J E, Bennett J and Yost R 1990. Overcoming the inflexibility of the most-probable- number procedures. Agron. J. 82, 349-353.
600 ATLANTIC AVE, BOSTON,
MA 02210, USA
+001-6179630233
AIS is an academia-oriented and non-commercial institute aiming at providing users with a way to quickly and easily get the academic and scientific information.
Copyright © 2014 - American Institute of Science except certain content provided by third parties.