American Journal of Business and Society
Articles Information
American Journal of Business and Society, Vol.1, No.3, Sep. 2016, Pub. Date: Jun. 20, 2016
Preventive Detention and Section 54 of the Code of Criminal Procedure: The Violation of Human Rights in Bangladesh
Pages: 60-67 Views: 2645 Downloads: 3027
Authors
[01] Shashi Kanto Das, School of Criminology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[02] Md. Bashir Uddin Khan, School of Criminology and Police Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh.
[03] Md. Kamruzzaman, School of Victimology and Restorative Justice, Institute of Social Welfare and Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh; School of Criminology and Police Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh; School of Law, National University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Abstract
The violation of Human rights has started from very beginning of our civilization. Arbitrary arrest, detention and custodial torture by law-enforcing agencies have remained a persistent feature of our criminal justice system. These practices have been widespread in Bangladesh irrespective of the forms of government and successive governments have failed to stop this endemic problem. It is being made in culture of the violation of human rights through preventive detention and abuse of Section 54 of Cr PC all over the world, especially in the third world countries. It is sorry to mention that Bangladesh is one of them. The paper aims is to show how the rights violated through preventive detention and Section 54 of Cr PC, because it is mostly used for the violation of rights of an individual. This paper highlights definition, history, nature, rationality of preventive detention and our constitutional safeguards to protect the human rights. It also examines social necessity of the law of the preventive detention for our country with citation of the leading cases relating to preventive detention in Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. It also urges that preventive detention should be used sparingly only in exceptional circumstances.
Keywords
Human Rights, Preventive Detention, Suo Motu Rule, Wrongful Arrest, Bangladesh
References
[01] Quoted by, Hamid, KajiAkhter; Human Rights, Self-determination and the Right to Resistance, 1994, Dhaka, p.24.
[02] Sarkar, J-N. The History of Bengal: Muslim Period 1200-1757, vo l.2, Dhaka, 1948; Banaerjee, A. C., Ghose, D. K., (eds.), A Comparative History of India, vol. 9 (1712-1772), London, 1978, at pp. 662-67.
[03] Smith, V. A., The Oxford History of India, (Spear P., ed), Delhi, 1994, at pp. 465-79.
[04] (1917) AC 260.
[05] Sunil Kumar Samaddar vs. Superintendent, Hooghly Jail, 75 Cal WN 51.
[06] Alamgir vs. the State, AIR 1957 Pat 285.
[07] Chowdhury, BadrulHaider; The Long Echoes, Dhaka; 1990, p. 3.
[08] AIR 1950 SC 27.
[09] Supra note 4, p. 269.
[10] Brohi, A. K.; Fundamental Law of Pakistan, Karachi; 1958, p. 424.
[11] Patel, T.; Personal Liberty under the Constitution of India, Delhi, 1993, at p. 48.
[12] Hussain, F.,Personal Liberty and Preventive Detention,Peshawar, 1989, at p. 101. AndChoudhury, G. W., Constitutional Development in Pakistan, London, 1969, at p. 235.
[13] Frankowski, S., and Shelton, D., (eds.), Preventive Detention Law: A Comparative International Perspective, Netherlands, 1992.
[14] Ariff, Hassan, and “The Judiciary as a Bulwark against Illegal Detention”, in Hossain, S., Malik, S., Musa, B. (eds.), and Public Interest Litigation in South Asia: Rights in Search of Remedies, Dhaka, 1997, at p. 143.
[15] Bayley, David H., Public Liberties in the New States, Chicago, 1964, at p. 23.
[16] Akkas, Dr. Sarkar Ali (2009): Law of Criminal Procedure, AnkurProkashani, Banglabazar, Dhaka.
[17] Abdul, Md. Halim, “Constitution, constitutional law and politic: Bangladesh Perspective” Dhaka (1998) at p-258.
[18] Ordinance xiv of 1949.
[19] Act xxxvi of 1950.
[20] Ordinances VI of 1952.
[21] Section 2(f) of the Special Powers Act, 1974.
[22] (1973) ISCR p-468.
[23] Quoted by Brohi A. K. Ibid p-424.
[24] Quoted by Munim-FKMA p-107.
[25] Denning, Lord Atfred, “Freedom under the law,” London (1949) at p-11.
[26] Pankaj Kumar vs. State of West Bengal, AIR (1970) SC 97.
[27] Article 22(4) of present Indian constitution.
[28] Article 10(7), theconstitution of Pakistan.
[29] Kapur, Anup Chand, Misra, K. K. “Select Constitutions,” New Delhi, (2001) p-103.
[30] Article 7 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits torture and ill treatment.
[31] Section 11 of The Special Powers Act 1974.
[32] Section 33(4) and 9 of The Special Powers Act 1974.
[33] SayedurRahmanKhalifa vs. Secretary Home Affairs, 6 BLD (1986) DB 272.
[34] Nazir Ali vs. Secretary Home Affairs 10 BLD (1990) HCD 258.
[35] Mrs. Samirannasa vs. Govt. of Bangladesh and others 14 BLD (1994) p-206.
[36] Section 8(2) of The Special Powers Act 1974.
[37] Juma Khan vs. Govt. of Pakistan PLD (1957) KAR 939.
[38] Section 34 of The Special Powers Act, 1974.
[39] 28 DLR (1976) p-53.
[40] 35 DLR (AD) (1983) p-78.
[41] 31 DLR (AD) (1979) p-149.
[42] CharanjitLal vs. Union of India, AIR (1951) SC 41.
[43] Sundarajan vs. Union of India AIR (1970) Del 29 (FB).
[44] FarzanaHoque vs. Bangladesh (writ petition 170 of 1990).
[45] Hiralal vs. East Pakistan PLD (1970) SC 399.
[46] Daley, Re (1860) 2F & F 258.
[47] Abdul Md. Halim “Constitution, Constitutional Law and Politics: Bangladesh Perspective” ibid p-263.
[48] Front page of ProthomAlo, 08 December, 2002.
[49] (MLR) Mainstream Law Reports vol. 2 (1997) p-123.
[50] AIR 1983 SC 1083.
[51] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, S 54.
[52] Akkas, Dr. Sarkar Ali (2009): Law of Criminal Procedure, AnkurProkashani, Banglabazar, Dhaka.
[53] 55 DLR 363.
[54] Kamruzzaman M. Dowry related Violence against Rural Women in Bangladesh. American Journal of Psychology and Cognitive Science 2015; 1(4): 112-116.
[55] Kamruzzaman M. Child Victimization at Working Places in Bangladesh, Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 2015; 1(5): 516-520.
[56] Kamruzzaman, M., Hakim, M. A. (2015). Child Criminalization at Slum Areas in Dhaka City, American Journal of Psychology and Cognitive Science, 1(4): 107-111.
[57] Kamruzzaman, M and Hakim MA. Livelihood Status of Fishing Community of Dhaleshwari River in Central Bangladesh. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2(1): 25-29.
[58] Shabnam N, Faruk MO and Kamruzzaman M. Underlying Causes of Cyber-Criminality and Victimization: An Empirical Study on Students. Social Sciences, 2016; 5(1): 1-6.
[59] Kamruzzaman, M and Hakim, M. A. (2015). Socio-economic Status of Child Beggars in Dhaka City. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1 (5): 516-520.
[60] Rahman, Sheikh Hafizur. (2013): Human Rights Training Manual for Police, Published by National Human Rights Commission, Maghbazar, Dhaka-1207.
600 ATLANTIC AVE, BOSTON,
MA 02210, USA
+001-6179630233
AIS is an academia-oriented and non-commercial institute aiming at providing users with a way to quickly and easily get the academic and scientific information.
Copyright © 2014 - American Institute of Science except certain content provided by third parties.