[01] Muhammad Sarwar, Department of Entomology, Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Knowing about the methods in which a disease is transmitted is important for implementing proper infection control measures and large scale prevention campaigns. Each disease has transmission characteristics based on the nature of the microorganisms that cause it. The purpose of this study is to present evidence showing the role of the disease-carrying arthropods in worldwide transportation. Vectors are animals that are capable of transmitting diseases such as flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs. The most common vectors for diseases are the insects that transfer infections like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, typhus and many more through saliva which comes in contact with their hosts when they are withdrawing blood. The degree of contact between the vertebrate host and vector ranges from intermittent (e.g., mosquitoes) to intimate (e.g., sucking lice). The biting behaviour of female insects may be very important in the epidemiology of disease transmission and vectors add an extra dimension to disease transmission. Since vectors are mobile, they increase the transmission range of a disease to hosts. Changes in vector behaviour can affect the transmission pattern of a disease. So, it is important to study the behaviour of the vector as well as the disease-causing microorganism in order to establish a proper method of disease prevention. In the case of malaria, insecticides are sprayed and breeding grounds for mosquitoes can be eliminated in an attempt to control the spread of malaria. Biting is not the only way by which vectors can transmit diseases, but diseases may be spread through the feces of a vector. Microorganisms could also be located on the outside surface of a vector (such as a fly) and spread through physical contact with food, a common touch surface, or a susceptible individual. Failure to implement and maintain measures to prevent human-assisted transport of insect vectors to and among the states could have catastrophic consequences for the humans. So, vector longevity is one of the most important factors in disease transmission dynamics, and implementing of vector control along with standard precautions as first-line approaches to infection prevention and control in the healthcare environment to minimize the risk of transmission of infectious agents from person to person even in high-risk situations.

Vector, Insect Carrier, Pathogen Transmission, Vector Control, Parasites

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Proposing Solutions for the Control of Dengue Fever Virus Carrying Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies, 2 (1): 1-6. [18] Sarwar, M. 2015 a. The Killer Chemicals as Controller of Agriculture Insect Pests: The Conventional Insecticides. International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, 1 (3): 141-147. [19] Sarwar, M. 2015 b. The Killer Chemicals for Control of Agriculture Insect Pests: The Botanical Insecticides. International Journal of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, 1 (3): 123-128. [20] Sarwar, M. 2015 c. The Dangers of Pesticides Associated with Public Health and Preventing of the Risks. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 1 (2): 130-136. [21] Sarwar, M. 2015 d. Usage of Biorational Pesticides with Novel Modes of Action, Mechanism and Application in Crop Protection. International Journal of Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1 (2): 156-162. [22] Sarwar, M. 2015 e. Commonly Available Commercial Insecticide Formulations and Their Applications in the Field. International Journal of Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1 (2): 116-123. [23] Sarwar, M. 2015 f. Microbial Insecticides- An Ecofriendly Effective Line of Attack for Insect Pests Management. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology, 1 (2): 4-9. [24] Sarwar, M. 2015 g. Biopesticides: An Effective and Environmental Friendly Insect-Pests Inhibitor Line of Action. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology, 1 (2): 10-15. [25] Sarwar, M. 2015 h. Insect Vectors Involving in Mechanical Transmission of Human Pathogens for Serious Diseases. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 1 (3): 300-306. [26] Sarwar, M. 2015 i. Insect Borne Diseases Transmitted by Some Important Vectors of Class Insecta Hurtling Public Health. 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