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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence in the blood of erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S. Surprisingly, the geographic distribution of SCD is superposed with that of the malaria which is also a haemolytic disease (like SCD) controlled by the great apes through their diet essentially vegetarian. Recent findings revealed that the plant species like Carapa procera, Garcinia punctata and Pentaclethra macrophylla belonging to non-human pharmacopoeia possess anti-sickle cell anaemia. In addition, many studies in sickle cell endemic areas indicate that the frequency of bacterial infections in SCD is high, especially in children under five years of age. The aim of the present study was to assess the antibacterial activity of the barks of C. procera, G. punctata and P. macrophylla in order to later use the bioactive fractions as an adjuvant of penicillin and use it as a starting point for a galenic formulation. This study shows that bacteriostatic activity was observed with all extracts on Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (G. punctata: MIC ≤ 62.5 µg/mL; C. procera and P. macrophylla: MIC ≤ 125 µg/mL) while several fractions and extracts revealed bactericidal activity on Escherichia coli (C. procera and G. punctata: R = MBC/MIC ≤ 2). The total phenolic acid extracts of G. punctata showed better bacterial activity (MIC=31.25 µg/mL; MBC= 62.5 µg/mL; R=2). It is therefore desirable to test the combination of extracts from these different plants with conventional antibiotics including penicillin using salmonella and streptococci as models of microbes closely associated to sickle cell disease.

Sickle Cell Disease, Bacterial Infection, Adjuvant, Medicinal Plants, Bioactivity, Antibiotics

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