[01] Saad Issa Sarsam, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Dissipated energy is defined as the energy loss per load cycle in any repeated or dynamic test. The use of Nano material additives in pavement construction is known to give the conventional asphalt cement and asphalt concrete mixture better engineering properties, as well as it is helpful to extend the fatigue life of asphalt concrete pavement. Fatigue damage occurs due to load repetitions and aging of asphalt concrete, it could be represented as the amount of energy dissipated in the specimen during testing. Fatigue could be minimized by controlling the dissipated energy; which can be used to explain the decrease in mechanical properties, such as flexural stiffness. In this research, an investigation was made in order to understand the influence of Nano additives on the dissipated energy through the fatigue resistance process in asphalt pavement. Repeated four-point flexure bending beam test in controlled strain mode has been implemented. Asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared using different percentages of asphalt cement and additives (silica fumes, coal fly ash). Asphalt concrete slab samples of (300 x 400 x 60) mm were prepared using roller compaction, beam specimens of (400 x 50 x 60) mm were cut from the slab samples. Beam specimens were for fatigue life using Nottingham four point bending beam device under the influence of three levels of micro-strain (750, 400, 250), at 20°C. During testing, dissipated energy per cycle per volume has been monitored through the changes in mix behavior and damage accumulation. The impact of Nano additives, strain level, and asphalt content on dissipated energy was discussed and compared.

Nano Material Additives, Asphalt Concrete, Dissipated Energy, Fatigue Life, Silica Fumes, Coal Fly Ash, Flexure Bending

[01] Sarsam S. I. and AL-Lamy A. K. (2016) “Fatigue Behavior of Modified Asphalt Concrete Pavement” Journal of Engineering, Vol. 22 No. 2, February. [02] Epps, J. and C. L. Monismith (1972) "Fatigue of asphalt concrete mixtures- A summary of existing information." Fatigue of Compacted Bituminous Aggregate Mixtures, Special Technical Publications 508, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp.19-45. [03] Monismith, C. L. and Deacon, J. A. (1969) "Fatigue of asphalt paving mixtures." Transportation Engineering Journal. ASCE 95(2), pp.317-346. [04] Deacon, J., Tayebali, A. M., Geoffrey. Monismith, C., (1995) "Validation of SHRP A-003A Flexural Beam Fatigue Test." Book Engineering Properties of Asphalt Mixtures and the Relationship to their Performance, ASTM, STP 1265. [05] Van Dijk, W. (1975). “Practical Fatigue Characterization of Bituminous Mixes.” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 44, pp. 38. [06] Adhikari, Zhanping (2010), ''Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement using Beam Fatigue Apparatus''. The Technology Interface Journal/Spring. Volume 10 No. 3. [07] SHRP-A-404 Report. (1994), "Fatigue Response of Asphalt- Aggregate Mixes", Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D. C., USA. [08] Saad Sarsam and Ali Hussein Alwan (2014) “Assessing Fatigue Life of Super pave Asphalt Concrete” American Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering AJCSE, 1(4): 88-95. [09] Van Dijk, W. and W. Vesser (1977) “The Energy Approach to Fatigue for Pavement Design.” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 46. [10] Pronk, A. C., Hopman, P. C., (1990) "Energy dissipation: the leading factor of fatigue. In Highway Research: Sharing the Benefits." Proceedings of the Conference of the United States Strategic Highway Research Program, London, UK. [11] Ghuzlan, K. A., Carpenter, S. H. (2000) “Energy-Derived, Damage-Based Failure Criterion for Fatigue Testing.” Transportation Research Record, TRB, 1723, 141-149. National Research Council, Washington, D.C, pp. 141-149. [12] Hamed, F. K., (2010), "Evaluation of Fatigue Resistance for Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Based on Dissipated Energy Concept," Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering and Geodesy Technische Universität Darmstadt. [13] Maggiorel C., Airey G., Marsac P., (2014) “A dissipated energy comparison to evaluate fatigue resistance using 2-point bending” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 1(1): 49-54. [14] Shen S., Carpenter S., (2007) “An energy approach for airport pavement low damage fatigue behavior” FAA worldwide airport technology transfer conference, Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA. [15] Arabania, M., Haghib, A. K., Tanzadehc, R., (2012) "Laboratory Study on the Effect of Nano-SiO2 on Improvement Fatigue Performance of Aged Asphalt Pavement.'' Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanostructures (ICNS4)12-14 March, Kish Island, I.R. Iran. [16] Sarsam S. I. (2013) “Improving Asphalt Cement Properties by Digestion with Nano Materials” Research and Application of Material RAM. Sciknow Publications Ltd. USA, 1(6): 61-64. [17] Sarsam S. I. (2015) “Impact of Nano Materials on Rheological and Physical Properties of Asphalt Cement” American institute of science, International Journal of Advanced Materials Research, public science framework, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 8-14. [18] Sarsam S. I. (2016) “Influence of Nano Materials Addition as Partial Replacement of Cement in the Properties of Concrete Pavement” Journal of Nano science and Nano engineering, Public science framework, American institute of science, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-5. [19] Saad Sarsam and Esra AL-Azzawi (2013) “Effect of Nano materials on surface free energy of asphalt cement” Proceedings, 2nd Engineering scientific conference, college of engineering, Mosul University, 19-21 November, Mosul, Iraq. [20] Sarsam S. (2015) “Effect of Nano Materials (Silica Fumes And Hydrated Lime) on Rheological and Physical Properties of Asphalt Cement” Proceedings, Third International Scientific Conference, ME3-CM01, University of Babylon-Hilla- IRAQ, May 20-21. [21] Sarsam, S. I., (2013) "Effect of Nano Materials on Asphalt Cement Properties," International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(10), pp. 422-426, 2013. [22] SCRB, (2003) “Standard Specification for Roads and Bridges” Section R/9, Revised Edition. State Commotion of Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Republic of Iraq. [23] Sarsam S. and Shujairy A. (2015) “Assessing Fatigue Life of Reclaimed Asphalt Concrete Recycled with Nanomaterial Additives” International Journal of Advanced Materials Research, Public science framework, American institute of science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-7 USA. [24] AASHTO T-321. (2010), "Method for Determining the Fatigue Life of Compacted Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Subjected to Repeated Flexural Bending," AASHTO Provisional Standards.