[01] John Nkeobuna Nnah Ugoani, Department of Management Sciences, College of Management and Social Sciences, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria.

The study investigated the relationship between mismanagement and underdevelopment in Nigeria in relation to the sustainable management perspective. The qualitative technique of exploratory research design was used through which primary and secondary data were generated and analyzed using the descriptive statistical method. The study found evidence that there is gross mismanagement of Nigeria’s natural resource wealth, and in such a situation the nation remains in the league of the LDCs of the world. On the basis of statistical analysis it was found that mismanagement is positively associated with underdevelopment in Nigeria. A major contribution of this study to knowledge is that it will afford the government and the people of Nigeria the opportunity of finding better ways of managing her natural resource wealth for the sustainability of the country. It was suggested among others, that the federating states in Nigeria should buckle up with the payment of workers’ salary, pension and gratuity as a means of reducing poverty and hunger everywhere as sought for by the UN SDGs 2030 target.

Sustainable Management, LDCs, Underdevelopment, Conspicuous Mismanagement, Mismanagement of Natural Resource Wealth

[01] Lechner, D. E. (2004) The New Western Dictionary of the English Language, New York. Lexicon International Publishers Guild Group. [02] Doug, M. (1999) Fostering Sustainable Behaviour: An Introduction to Community-Based Social Marketing. Gabuola Island, New Society Publishers. [03] Kathlee, M. and Finegan, B. (2002) Working in the Tropics. Conservation Through Sustainable Management. Gainesville, Florida, Florida University. [04] Elaigwu, J. I. (1985) The Military in Politics: An Afrocentric Perspective. Paper Commissioned for the Nigeria Airforce Day, 1985 Seminar at The Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, Lagos, 22^nd April, 1985. [05] Hassan, M. H, and Hutchinson, C. (1992) Natural Resource and Environmental Information for Decision-making. Washington, D. C. The World Bank. [06] Ouattara, A. D. (1997) Macroeconomics and Sustainable Development – Address by Alassane D. Ouattara. Deputy Managing Director of the International Minetary Fund at the World Bank’s Fifth Annual Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development, Washington, D. C. October 7, 1997. [07] Todaro, M. P. (1982) Economics for a Developing World. 2^nd edition, Singapore, Longman. [08] Brown, J, E. and Wolf, H. A (1968) The Economics of Underdeveloped Countries. In J. E. Brown and H. A. Wolf (eds) Economics: Principles and Practices. Ohio Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co. 472-492. [09] Agwunobi, J. C. (2005) The Nigerian Military in a Democratic Society. Aba, Logicgate Media Ltd. [10] Uwazurike, C. N. (1991) Educational Planning and National Development. Awka, Mekislink Publishers, Nigeria. [11] Otedola, F. (2018) Lagos-ill become Africa’s third largest economy, says Otedola. The Nation, 12,(4236): 1 and 6. [12] Onuoha, B. C. (1999) The Third World Nations & Underdevelopment: The Role of Sambo Personality. Port Harcourt Education Books and Investments Ltd. [13] Cavusgil, S. T. and Zou, S. (1994) Marketing Strategy – Performance Relationship: an Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58: 1-21. [14] Porter, M. E. (1990) The Competitive advantage of Nations. New York, Free Press. [15] Dasanayaka, S. W. S. B Dollawatta, N. N. W, and Sardena, G. D. (2016) A Case Study on Export Competitiveness of the Small and Medium Scale Gem and Jewelry Enterprises in Sri Lanka. Amity Business Journal, 5 (1): 5. [16] Cleary, R. (1992) Models as effective research tools. In D. M. Cavanash, and G. M. Rodwell (eds) Dialogues in educational research. Darwin, N. T, William Michael Press. [17] Keeves, J. P. (1997) Models and Model Building. In J. P Keeves (ed.) Educational Research Methodology, and Measurement: An International Handbook. 2^nd edition. Cambridge, UK, Pergamon. [18] Obasanjo, O. and Mabogunje, A. (1991) Elements of Development. Lagos: C & A Prints (Nigeria) Ltd. [19] Ndubuisi, A. (1981) Behavioural Objectives for Curriculum Development. Enugu. Africana Press. [20] Gates, B. (2018) Nigeria will thrive when every Nigerian is able to thrive. The Guardian, 34,(14332): 14-15. [21] Besley, T. and Cord, L. J. (2007) Delivering on the Promise of Pro-poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences. The World Bank, Washington, D. C. [22] Tsatsu, T. F. (2016) Energy Resource (oil) Mismanagement in West Africa: A Thesis Submitted to the College of Arts and Sciences of Webster University, Ghana, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. [23] Adebimpe, I. A. (2011) Corruption: The Bane of Nigeria’s Development, International Journal of Social and Policy Issues, 8 (1): 231-240. [24] Sala-i-Martin, X, and Subramanian, A, (2003) Addressing the Resource Curse: An Illustration from Nigeria National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 9804 (2003). [25] Sachs, J. D. and Warner, A. M. (1995^a) Economic Reform and the Process of Global integration. Brookings, Papers, on Economics Activity (1995^a) 1-95. [26] Sachs, J. D. and Warner, A. M. (1995^b) Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth: National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper: 5398 (1995^c). [27] Adeyemi, S. (2015) Past Mismanagement Destroyed Economy Says Government. The Nation, 10: (3427), 5. [28] Ribadu, N. (2013) FG, NEITI on $10b oil revenue theft. Daily News watch, 1:(86), 12. [29] Nnaji, A. (2008) NEITI to President: sign PIGB bill, others. The Nation, 12 (4274), 35. [30] Okonjo-Iweala, N. (2015) Correcting gross misrepresentations of the economy. The Guardian, Thursday, May, 28 2015: 58. [31] Asishana, J. (2018) Niger primary schools in state of decay despite N9bsunk (II). The Nation 12 (4228): 49. [32] Anyim, P. A, and Akanwa, P. U (2002) Corruption in Nigerian Public Service: In P. A. Anyim and P. U. Akanwa (eds) Administrative Theory & Practice. Port Harcourt Educational Books and Investment Ltd. [33] Oladele, R. Aderemi, A. A. and Idode, A. (2013) Revenue Generation and Transparency in Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry. [Position of Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (Neiti)] Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4, (6): 99-114. [34] Pineda, J. and Rodriguez, F. (2010) Curse or Blessing? Natural Resources and Human Development, Human Development Research Paper 2010/04 UNDP, New York. [35] Maloney, W. F. (2007) Missed Opportunities: Innovation and Resource-Based Growth in Latin America. Natural Resources Neither Curse nor Destiny. Stanford Economics and Finance, World Bank, Washington, D. C. [36] Blomstron, M. and Kokko, A. (2007) From National Resources to High-Tech Production: The Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness in Sweden and Finland. Stanford Economics and Finance, World Bank, Washington, D. C. [37] Wright, G. and Czelusta, J. (2007) Resource-Based Growth Past and Present. National Resource, neither curse nor destiny Stanford Economics and Finance, World Bank, Washington, D. C. [38] Acemoglu, D. Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. (2001) The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development. An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review 91.5: 1369-401. [39] Igah, G. (2018) Nigeria: Generational Challenge of State Building. The Nation, 12 (4345): 19. [40] Mabikke, S. B. (2012) Africa’s Wealth of Resources, Blessing or Curse? Expert Conference Organized at the European Academy Otzenhausen (Saarland) January 18^th – 20^th 2012. [41] Abbas, A. J. (2009) Business and Management Environment in Sandi Avabis: Challenges and Opportunities for Multinational Corporations. African Good Government Network. [42] Mbabazi, P. K. (2009) The Emerging Oil Industry In Uganda: A Blessing or a Curse. African Research and Resource Forum. [43] Iheriohanma, E. E. J. and Oguoma, O. (2010) Government, Leadership Crisis and Underdevelopment in Africa: An Explorative Discourse. European Journal of Social Sciences, 12, November 3 (2010). [44] Di Johnson, J. (2009) From Windfall to Curse? Oil and Industrialization in Venezuela 1920 to the Present. Modern Humanities Research 2009. [45] Humphreys, M. Sachs, J. D. and Stiglitz, J. E. (2007) Escaping the Resource Curse Initiative for Policy Diologreat Columbia: Challenges in Development and Globalization New York, Colunbia UP, 2007. [46] Ros, J. (2000) Development Theory &The Economics of Growth. The University of Midisan Press. [47] Karl, T. L. (1997) The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States. University of California. [48] Martin, W. (2007) Outgrowing Resource Dependence: Theory and Developments. Natural Resources, Neither Curse nor Destiny Stanford Economics and Finance, World Bank, Washington, D. C. [49] Rodriguez, F. and Gomolin, A. J. (2009) Anarchy, State and Dystopia, Venezuelan Economic Institutions before the advent of oil. Bulletin of Latin American Research 28.1 (2009): 102-21. [50] Nweke, A, and Utomi, P. (2010) Impact of Corruption on National Development. The Nation on Sunday, April, 4, pp: 58. [51] Adebimpe, I. A. and Adisa, O. P. (2009) Towards Controlling Corruption in Nigeria for Natural Development. The Pacesetter 14 (4). [52] Onuoha, B. (2005) The State, Corruption and Challenges of Good Governance in Nigeria. In Olurode and Anifowose (eds) Rich But Poor: Corruption and Good Governance in Nigeria. UNILAG, Lagos. [53] Johnson, R. B. and Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004) Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come. Educational Research, 33 (2) 14. [54] Brannen, J. (2005) Mixed Methods: The Entry of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches into the Research Process. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 (3), 173-184. [55] Mason, J. (2006) Mixing Methods in a qualitatively driven way. Qualitative Research, 6 (1) 9. [56] Obodoeze, F. O. (1996) Modern Textbook of Research Methodology Enugu, Academic Publishers Company. [57] Ezejelue, A. Ogwo, E. O. and Nkemnebe, A. (2018) Basic Principles in Managing Research Projects. 2^nd Edition, Port Harcourt, Education Books Ltd. [58] Nwankwo, O. C. (2011) A Practical Guide To Research writing for students of Research Enterprise. (Revised forth edition) Port Harcourt, Pam Unique Publishers. [59] Nworuh, G. E. (2004) Basic Research Methodology for Researchers, Trainees and Trainers in Management Sciences. 2^nd edition, Owerri, Ambix Printers Nigeria. [60] Kale, Y. (2012) The Nigeria Poverty Profile 2010 Report. Press Briefing by the Statiscian General of the Federation/Chief Executive Officer, National Bureau of Statistics Dr. Yemi Kale Held at the Conference Room, 5^th Floor, NBS Headquarters Central Business District, Abuja on Monday, 13^th February, 2012. [61] Ugoani, J. N. N (2017) Management Imperatives of Corruption and Governance Failures in Nigeria. Independence Journal of Management & Production. 9 (1): 215-244. [62] Ugoani, J. N. N (2018) Mismanagement and Reform Failures in Nigeria: Historical Perspectives. Independence Journal of Management & Production. 8 (2): 498-518.