[01] Helmy T. El-Zanfaly, Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Choosing the most appropriate technology for wastewater treatment should be based on two issues: affordability and appropriateness that relates to the economic conditions of the community and to the environmental and social conditions, respectively. The community should be able to finance the implementation, operation and maintenance of the system. For a system to be environmentally sustainable, it should ensure the protection of environmental quality, conservation of resources, and the reuse of water. Social aspect mainly relates to factors that can affect the operation and maintenance of the system, and these include local community habits, public acceptance, life style, public health protection, government policy and regulations. The main driving forces for the selection of a treatment technology are performance requirements, site conditions, and waste-water characterization. Proper management of the system helps in protecting public health and local water resources, and avoiding expensive repairs. For widening the base of wastewater reuse in agriculture and to achieve the requirements for unrestricted irrigation, there are needs for optimizing wastewater treatment plants performance with a correction program as well as the low cost technology transfer. Many impediments and challenges concerning wastewater management in develop-ing countries can be overcome by suitable planning and policy implementation.

Wastewater Reuse in Developing Countries, Guidelines for Reuse, Health Impact, Selection of Treatment Technology

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