American Journal of Food Science and Health
Articles Information
American Journal of Food Science and Health, Vol.1, No.3, Aug. 2015, Pub. Date: Jun. 24, 2015
Effect of Supplementation and Cooking on in vitro Protein Digestibility and Anti-Nutrients of Pearl Millet Flour
Pages: 69-75 Views: 4617 Downloads: 1599
Authors
[01] Azhari A. Mohammed Nour, Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan, Now: Al baha University, Saudi, Arabia.
[02] Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed, Departmentof Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
[03] Elfadil E. Babiker, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural science, King Saud University, King Saudi Arabia, Riyadh.
[04] Mohamed A. E. M. Ibrahim, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, Now: Al baha University, Saudi, Arabia.
Abstract
Millet flour was supplemented with different levels (5, 10 and 15%) of Moringa seeds flour (MSF) or fenugreek defatted seeds flour (FSF). The effect of supplementation and cooking on anti-nutrients and in vitro protein digestibility was investigated. Supplementation of millet flour with 5, 10 and 15% MSF or FSF significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the anti-nutritional factors (phytic acid and total polyphenols) and in vitro protein digestibility of millet flour. Cooking of millet flour with or without MSF or FSF decreased the anti-nutritional factors, protein content and in vitro protein digestibility.
Keywords
Digestibility, Supplementation, Anti-Nutritional Factors, Phytic Acid, Tannin, Polyphenols, Cooking, Moringa, and Fenugreek
References
[01] Abdalla, A.A, (2003). Evaluation of biochemical and nutritional profile during processing of pearl millet (Pennestum glaucum L) to different products. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum..
[02] Abdalla, A.A.; El Tiay, A.H.; Mohamed, B.E. and Abdalla, A.H. (1998). Proximate composition, starh, phytate and mineral contents of ten pearl millet genotypes. J. Food chem.63 (2) 243-246.
[03] Abdelrahman, M.S. (2004). Effect of malt pretreatment and fermentation on anti -nutritional factors and mineral bioavailability of pearl millet, Ph.D. thesis University of Khartoum, Sudan.
[04] Abdelrahman, S.M.; Elmaki, H.B.; Babiker, E.E. and El Tinay, A.H (2005). Effect of malt pretreatment followed by fermentation on anti-nutritional factors and Hcl-extractability of minerals of pearl millet cultivars. Journal of food technology.3 (4); 524-529.
[05] Abed Elhady, A.H; Hassan, A.B; Ali, M.I. and Babiker, E.E. (2005). Antinutritional factors content and availability of protein, starch and mineral of maize (zea mays L.) and lentil (lens culinaris) as influenced by domestic processing. Journal of Food Technology 3(4): 523-528.
[06] Ali, M.A.M., El Tinay, A.H., and Abdalla, A.H (2003). Effect of fermentation on the in vitro protein digestibility of pearl millet. J.FoodChem.80:51-45.
[07] AOAC, (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Method of Analysis, 〖16〗^th edn. Washington D.C.
[08] Bergman, E. L, Fredhund, K, Reinikainent and Sandberg, A. S. (1999). Hydrothermal processing of barely (Cv. Blenheing): Optimization of phytate degradation and increase of free myo-inositol. J. Cereal Sci., 29:261-271.
[09] Mashier, A. S., Mohamed A., Elhadi A. I., Babiker, E. E. and Abdullahi H. E. (2007). Changes in Chemical Composition, Phytate, Phytase Activity and Minerals Extractability of Sprouted Lentil Cultivars. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7, 776-780.
[10] El khalifa, A.E.O., Chandrashekar, A., Mohamed, B.E. and El Tinay, A.H(1999). Effect of reducing agents on the in vitro protein and starch digestibility of cooked sorghum. J. of Food Chemistry, 66: 323-326.
[11] Eldogasabi, A.H.A(2009). Physicochemical properties of three Sudanese pearl millet (Pennistum glacum L.) cultivars. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
[12] Elhag, M.E(2009). Protein quality and acceptability of sorghum flour supplemented with defatted groundnut flour as influenced by traditional processing. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
[13] Elyas, S.H.A. (1999). Effect of natural fermentation on nutritive value and the in vitro protein digestibility of pearl millet. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum. Sudan.
[14] Fasoyiro, S. B, Ajibade, S. R, saka, J.O, Ashaya, O.A, Obatolu, V.A, Farind, E.O and Afolabi, O.O. (2005). Physical characteristics and effects of processing methods on pigeon pea varieties. Journal of food, Agric & Environment. Vol.3. (3&4):59-61.
[15] Fugile, L. J. ((1999). The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics. Church World Service, Dakar. 68 pp.; revised in 2001 and published as The Miracle Tree: The Multiple Attributes of Moringa, 172 pp.
[16] Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.H. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York. U.S.A. P68.
[17] Hulse, J.H; Laing, E.M., and Pearson, O.E. (1980). Sorghum and millets, their composition and nutritive value. New York: Academic Press.
[18] Khetarpaul, N. and Chauhan, B.M. (1991). Effect of natural fermentation on phytate and polyphenolic content and in vitro digestibility of starch and protein of pearl millet (pennisetum typhoideum). J.Sci. Food Agric. 55: 189- 195.
[19] Makkar H. S. P., Becker K. (1997). Nutrients and antiquality factors in different morphological parts of the Moringa oleifera tree. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 128, 311-322.
[20] Manjula, S. and John, E. (1991). Biochemical changes and in vitro protein digestibility of the endosperm of germinating Dolichos Lablab. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 55: 529-538.
[21] Marfo, E. K. Simpson, B. K., Idowu, J.S. and Oke, O.L. (1990). Effect of localfood processing on phytate levels in cassava, cocoyam, yam, maize. Sorghum, rice, cowpea and soybean, J. Agric. Food Chem., 38:1580-1585.
[22] Mohamed E. A., Ali N. A. S., Ahmed H. A., Mohamed Ahmed I. A., Babiker E. E. (2011). Effect of refrigeration process on antinutrients and HCl extractability of calsium, phosphorous and iron during processing and storage of millet cultivars. Innovative Romanian Food Biotechnology, 8, 13-21.
[23] Monawar, L.Y. (1983). Food value of Sudanese indigenous cereal grains. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
[24] Mustafa, M. A. (2008). Effect of cooking and supplementation of pearl millet(pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.) with soybean flour on protein quality. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
[25] Nikman, V., Sharifizdeh, B., Ebrahimzadeh, H., Zarre, SH., (2003).Comaritive study of protein in seed of some spices of Trigonella from Indian. International Journal of Iranian Science. 5(1):1:11
[26] Osman N. M., Mohamed Ahmed I. A., Babiker E. E. (2010). Fermentation and cooking of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) eaves: changes in chemical and amino acid composition, antinutrients and protein fractions and digestibility. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 45, 124–132.
[27] Patil, S.P., Niphadkar, P.V., and Bapat, M.M. (1997). Allergy of fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum graecum). Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. 87; 297-300.
[28] Pearson, N.D.(1981). Pearson chemical analysis of food. In: H. Egon; R.S. Kirk, and R. Sawyer (eds). 8^th edn. Churchill Livingstone London, New York.
[29] Price, M. L.;Van Scoyoc, S. and Butler, L. G. (1978). A critical evaluation of the vanillin reactions as an assay for tannin in sorghum grain. J. Agric. Food Chem. (26). 1214-1219.
[30] Price, M.L. and Butler, L.G. (1977). Rapid visual estimation and spectrophotometric determination of tannin content of sorghum grain. J. Agric. Food Chem., 25:1268-1273.
[31] Rom, D.L., shull, J.M., Chandrashekar, A. and Kireleis, A. (1992). Effect of cooking and treatment with sodium bisulphate on the in vitro protein digestibility and microstructure of sorghum flour. Cereal chemistry, 69: 178-181.
[32] Wheeler, E.L. and Ferrel, R.E. (1971). A method for phytic acid determination in wheat and wheat fractions. Cereal chemistry (48), 312,
[33] Yousif, N.E. (2000). Effect of fermentation and dry cooking following fermentation on protein fractions and in vitro protein digestibility of sorghum, corn and rice. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
600 ATLANTIC AVE, BOSTON,
MA 02210, USA
+001-6179630233
AIS is an academia-oriented and non-commercial institute aiming at providing users with a way to quickly and easily get the academic and scientific information.
Copyright © 2014 - American Institute of Science except certain content provided by third parties.